Analysing legal text (The case of Mark v. Mark ) Study

Investigating lawful content (The of Mark v. Imprint ) - Case Study Example All things considered, the topic of whether the separation ought to have experienced in Britain or in Nigeria was the underlying issue, and the examination introduced underneath gives a general rundown of the circumstance. Since the couple was initially from Nigeria, and the spouse had been investing most of her energy in Britain and had chosen not to come back to her home in Nigeria, she petitioned for legal separation in Britain. Her significant other, in any case, didn't concur with this, and moved for a remain, expressing that the procedures ought to be chosen in Nigeria. The accompanying gives a review of this case, and what and why the British court chose the manner in which it did. The two people engaged with this case are from Nigeria, conceived in that nation in 1948 and 1950 separately. They were hitched by the law of the River State of Nigeria in 1979; the marriage around then was viewed as legitimate and polygamous, since the spouse had hitched in any event two different wives preceding this one, and potentially two increasingly after. Between this specific couple, there were four kids, all conceived in the United Kingdom. Each of the four kids have been conceded British citizenship. The spouse in this specific case served in the Nigerian armed force, and turned into a General just as getting engaged with the administration following the military overthrow of 1983. During this timeframe, he had the option to turn out to be very rich. He was presented on Washington in 1990. The spouse, then again, had been a legal advisor that had rehearsed in Nigeria. At the point when her better half went to Washington, she continued to take classes at Queen Mary College in London, investing energy either at school, in Nigeria, or with her significant other. She had acquired different section visas and had the option to come to Britain for as long as a half year at once until March of 1997. Another overthrow happened in November 1993, and the spouse didn't concur with the new ruler, General Abacha. In this manner, he left the military and chose to leave Nigeria for Britain. The couple at that point continued to build up a local home here. The spouse had the option to get a multi year work grant that would permit him to stay in the nation for that time. The spouse was likewise permitted to remain for a more drawn out timeframe than her different section visa initially permitted. After this, the spouse was given uncertain leave to remain in Britain on account of two of the youngsters. The spouse was out of the nation, in Florida at that point, and was excluded from this choice. At the point when she needed to return, she was permitted to enter for one day, however she remained longer. This implied she had gotten an over-stayer and was abusing segments 24(1)(b) and 24A of the Immigration Act 1971. In any case, she was in the long run conceded uncertain leave, however simpl y after the case among she and her better half had begun. In June 1998, General Abacha kicked the bucket, so the spouse returned to Nigeria to by and by seek after governmental issues. He in the end turned into a Senator in the Upper House of the Nigerian Parliament. Nonetheless, he despite everything made outings to Britain so he could visit his better half and kids. Be that as it may, as time passed, the spouse for this situation surrendered any desire for returning to her nation of origin as the most significant wife to the husband, and accordingly chose to remain in Britain. The spouse at that point gave a separation appeal on July 17, 2000. At the point when she did that, she just centered around her present living arrangement in Britain to find the court locale; this was later fixed to include a case

Free Canterbury Tales Essays: The Knight and the Wife of Bath :: Wife of Bath Essays

The Character of the Knight of the Wife of Bathâ â â â â â â â â The knight from the Spouse of Bath's Tale is certainly not a truly amiable character. His activities propose he is only a theoretical character, a beneficiary of the activities, who is utilized to give the story's plot an importance. Neither he nor different characters in the story are even referenced by name. In any case, the attributes of his character are genuine and do exist in reality. United, they make an un-energizing character of a man without a reason throughout everyday life. The knight isn't keen; he doesn't consider the outcomes of his activities. Assaulting the young lady is one model. In this demonstration, he is guided distinctly by his wants, without thinking about how right they are. Be that as it may, he doesn't consider the discipline either. The knight lives just for the current second. Another model is the rash guarantee that he provides for the old witch. He consents to do anything she needs as a byproduct of hearing the appropriate response he is searching for. Valid, on the off chance that he doesn't find a solution, he will lose his life. Notwithstanding, he doesn't consider the likelihood that what the witch will need may end up being much more dreadful, considering the way that respect and individual respectability were esteemed more than life in those occasions. An astute individual, for example, Sir Gawain from Morte Darthur, would have asked progressively about the lady's desire, before settling on such an understanding. The knight is additionally an unreasonable individual. The witch spares him from an unavoidable demise and afterward demands that he wed her. Considering the occasions, the knight ought to be appreciative to get away from death, yet rather he sees the union with his rescuer as another type of a similar discipline. He concurs simply because he is limited by the guarantee, and the chivalric code drives him to keep it. What's more, the knight's contemplations are handily impacted by others. Obviously, he perceives the way that he is regularly off-base and tunes in to the assessments of others. Be that as it may, he embraces those conclusions without thoroughly considering them for himself. This happens when the old witch says she comprehends what ladies most need; the knight doesn't scrutinize that information. In any case, when he meets the witch, he has tuned in to numerous other ladies who weren't reliable in their recommendations.

Review of an Academic Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Survey of an Academic Research Paper - Essay Example The exploration paper passes all in all procedure of research from assortment of information, to examination, and to conclusive conversation. Hence the scientists ought to be cautious while composing the scholastic research paper and should ensure that all components and parts of an appropriate scholarly research paper are incorporated. The fundamental design of the scholarly research paper comprises of following components: dynamic, watchwords, presentation, writing audit, procedure part, investigation and discoveries, conversation part, and the end and suggestions. Alongside this another significant component is of the references, as it is essential to appropriately recognize the wellsprings of auxiliary data inside the scholarly research paper. In this paper, the scholarly research paper by Stainton, Johnson, and Borodizicz (2010) on the subject of â€Å"Education legitimacy of business gaming reenactment: an examination strategy framework† has been fundamentally dissected based on the best possible design for the scholastic research paper. In the examination paper the creators have investigated the general legitimacy of the business gaming recreation based on the past explores and have proposed a system for the effective instructive legitimacy contemplates which can encourage the reproduction planners during the time spent executing the important reenactment media.

Peer Pressure - Think of the Kids - Free Essay Example

You are lying down in an alleyway with your back against the brick wall of the local fast food restaurant. You do not have a sort of possessions except the rugged clothes on you and the almost-empty 1.75 liter bottle of Bacardi white rum resting in your right hand. Your mind is just one big swirl, and you decide to chug the last few sips down because you have nothing else better to do. You ask yourself, how did I end up here? Then, it all comes back. If only I didnt listen to my teammates telling me to drink that beer at the graduation party. Then I wouldnt have been arrested and kicked out of college. The reason for the downfall of this simulation is a common issue that many Americans ranging from the early years of high school all the way to the later years of collegiate students: peer pressure. Many students going through these years have experienced peer pressure, but they do not recall being forced to do anything. Let us put ourselves in the shoes of these said students going through this terrible process and take a look at what peer pressure actually is, the causes and effects of peer pressure concerning alcohol towards these students, and how to resist the urge to conform to this overall horribly persuasive period. What is peer pressure? It is simply thought of as the influence of a social group on an individual. The overall concept of peer pressure can determine what kind of music one listens to, how he or she dresses, and even what activities he or she partake in (Health of Children). Peer pressure can be found throughout many different types of groups, such as older or younger kids, parents, and teachers. However, the most common group that creates the most dangerous area of peer pressure comes from people that are the same age as the so-called victim. Not only can oners social group or authoritative figures bring about peer pressure, but the environment in which one is raised in can trigger a particular situation for peer pressure to arise. Knowing about peer pressure and understanding the sources in which it can occur may help others realize the situations where peer pressure happens in the students lives. One main environmental source to look at when dealing with peer pressure can be a hierarchical group that the student attends school with. This can just be considered as the popular group that the student wants to be a part of. So, he or she will want to do anything possible to be amongst this elite group, and this said group may take advantage of the situation and make the person do what they want, such as consume alcohol. As stated in Holly Karakosrs article Positive Peer Support or Negative Peer Influence? The Role of Peers Among Adolescents in Recovery High Schools, she states that peers are often highly influential in convincing one another to try alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs for the first time. This case can occur because of one central idea that most students have dealt with in their lives: fitting in with the crowd. This example is a common belief throughout a most of high schoolers that want to feel higher up the social class than what they are in at that moment. Now, another cause of peer pressure can be due to environmental situations creating scenarios of potential peer pressure problems. According to PhD professor of Coastal Carolina University Michael Dunn, research has found that the more risk factors an adolescent has (e.g., poor family communication, peer pressure, lack of family support) the likelihood increases of being involved in risk behaviors such as substance use (Effects of Youth Assets on Adolescent Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana Use, and Sexual Behavior). If a student goes through a traumatic experience, such as a parental divorce, neglect from loved ones, or exclusion from society, then they are potentially more susceptible to peer pressure and to drink more. For example, if a student goes through parental neglect, that studentrs mindset will to try to gain any attention, either positive or negative, from the parents. Therefore, the student is at greater risk of peer pressure to drink if the opportunity arises to acquire any attention at all. Being peer pressured to drink and accepting the offer can lead to devastating circumstances. A study was conducted by Catalina Arata to demonstrate the importance of both parent and peer variables in adolescent substance use and highlight the negative consequences of drinking reported by high school students (HIGH SCHOOL DRINKING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.). Nine hundred and thirty students were surveyed on their own experiences of alcohol, how the peers and parents affected them, and the negative effects of their times spent consuming alcohol. These are the results from the experiment: Two-fifths of males and one-fifth of females reported frequent problem (binge) drinking. Problem drinkers reported more negative consequences associated with drinking. In addition, problem drinkers reported greater susceptibility to peer pressure, perceived their peers as drinking more, and reported less parental monitoring and more use of alcohol by parents. The results demonstrate the importance of both parent and peer variables in adolescent substance use and highlight the negative consequences of drinking reported by high school students. (Arata) This study portrays how the involvement of parents and others play a role in the consumption of alcohol. The use of peer pressure in consumption of alcohol can also lead to a change in a studentrs psychological thought process as well. Alyssa Damm writes in her article Negative Effects of Peer Pressure in High School of how peer pressure in high school is both harmful and effective because it can lead to teen depression, high stress levels, negative behavior issues, and poor decision-making and outcomes. Depression can lead to oners dependency on alcohol and substance abuse later on in life. Stress may cause a student to need an outlet and if put in the wrong place at the wrong time, then someone can offer the student a drink and will possibly lead to underage drinking. Being peer pressured into drinking alcohol affects oners decision making by twisting the conscience into thinking what was wrong before is now right, leading to new, immoral thoughts and thought processes. Alcohol is able to precisely manipulate the the mind into whatever it wants the student to think about. Statistical analysis has been done on the effects of alcoholic peer pressure an what happens to said students. Research was done by Matt Gonzales who wrote an article titled Peer Pressure and Alcohol. He states that, a report by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University found 75 percent of surveyed teens feel encouraged to drink after seeing photographs of peers partying on social media (Gonzales). This is a staggering amount of teenagers that are wanting to do drugs just to fit in and feel cool. Around 60 percent of college students had drank alcohol in the past month and most of them were from house parties or bars, where it is more common to find peer pressure (Gonzales). A psychology professor from Florida Atlantic University named Brett Laursen has studied the issue for a while. He found that children with few friends are likely to be swayed by peer pressure. He says boys generally want to impress groups while girls aim to impress particular ind ividuals (Gonzales). Peer pressure is so common throughout these students lives with multiple sources to influence them. Resisting peer pressure can be very difficult if a student does not know how to respond in social interactions the more preferred way, with making a socially acceptable excuse being one of the main resources to use. By using the right type of excuse, it avoids one needing to drink any type of alcohol without ruining the overall, fun mood of the scenario. In Dominic Conroy and Richard de Visserrs article titled Being a non-drinking student: An interpretative phenomenological analysis, a study was done by the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom using two subjects, named Paul and Andy, to use excuses in certain environments to avoid being peer pressured into drinking. In one scenario, Andy had met some new people that were playing some type of drinking game. He did not want to participate, but he knew that he could not just come out and say that. He would have been made fun of and ruined the mood. Instead, he stated that he cant drink because [he is] taking antibiotics (Conroy an d de Visser). Andy demonstrated that using a socially acceptable excuse can be effective when avoiding this type of situation. Finding someone to ask for help about how to deal with peer pressure scenarios is another fantastic option with a student battling with these issues, and the number one person to talk to about these situations is the school counselor. Counselors are hired to help students with any obstacles going on in their lives, whether it be academic, athletic, or social issues. In a peer- reviewed article titled Using the Solving Problems Together Psychoeducational Group Counseling Model as an Intervention for Negative Peer Pressure, an experiment was conducted using a counselling group called Solving Problems Together (SPT) to help students going through negative peer pressure situations. They created help sessions for students to find new ways to avoid these types of problems. Here are the results from the study: Professional school counselors can play a vital role in helping these students succeed by helping student examine current peer relationships and teaching them appropriate strategies for responding to negative peer pressure situations. Through small group counseling, the school counselor can help students develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to positively reject or avoid peer pressure. (Hall et al.) Having a counselor to confide in can be a tremendous option in a studentrs battle with peer pressure. No one should be alone when going through situations like this. Now, the alleyway that you once were lying in is beginning to fade, until you snap back into reality and realize that it was all a dream. There is no bottle of Bacardi, no rugged clothes, and no sense of regret flowing through your heart. With understanding how horrible your life could be with knowing how peer pressure could affect your life so much, that college education is now viewed as way more important than potentially getting caught with a can of beer at the local frat party. Make wise, educated decisions, and do not allow peer pressure to control your future.

An argumentative essay on why we should conserve our...

Why should we conserve plants and animals? I am arguing for conserving plants and animals. I will discuss how plants and animals have an impact on our lives and how this would be dramatically changed if they werent conserved. The word conserve means preservation, especially of the natural environment. In plants and animals case, it means, To keep in existence, to retain and to keep safe from harm or loss.1 Thousands of plant and animal species are being terminated every year due to many factors such as: removal of habitat, food reduction, human threats etc. From the 1700s to the year 2000, the number of species that have become extinct each year has soared from only 1 to 50,000. For example, the Mauritius dodo was extinct by 1690,†¦show more content†¦It is estimated that only 5,100 to 7,500 individual tigers now remain in the entire world. These remaining tigers are threatened by many factors, including growing human populations, loss of habitat, illegal hunting and the species they hunt, and expanded trade in the tiger parts for traditional medicines. One of the main reasons for poachers to kill tigers is their use in Chinese medicines. Tigers are worth more money dead than alive, which, if you think about it, is very sad indeed. Poachers who kill deer for their own purposes may not realise it but they are also destroying tigers one by one. Deer are one of the main sources of food for tigers and if they are cut down in numbers, ultimately so will the tigers be. Already efforts are being done around the world to try to conserve the tiger and its other endangered companions. In India the local people sell paintings of tigers and other wildlife in order to try and support theyre local tigers. Also, in 1990, Indonesia passed a law to give all subspecies of tiger within its borders full protection. And in 1992, passed a bill stating that anyone in possession of tiger pelts, or parts must have them registered and would require a permit. China also made tiger bone illegal in 1993. Each of these things contributes to the effort of saving the tigers. Elephant populations are also on the brink of extinction due to poachers who kill elephants for their ivory tusks. An internationalShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesPublishing Group, Inc. www.lu.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To our grandchildren Annika, Jacob, Katherine, Madison, Magnus, and Molly Contents Illustrations . . . . . Preface . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgments . The Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Organizational Behavior for Theories and Concepts -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior for Theories and Concepts. Answer: Introduction This paper explores many theories and concepts regarding the organizational behavior. Organizational behavior is referred to the study of the human behavior within the institutional setting. Hence the managers and the employees understand why people behave in different ways. Individuals need to understand various theories and concepts of organizational behavior, to understand the problems experienced by persons who adapt to different working environments. For instance, attitudes help in evaluating the personal feeling. Personality sums up the individual reactions as they interact with others. The personality-job fit theory explains the fit of individuals between the working environment and their personality (Shafritz, Ott and Jang, 2015 pp.22). The perception theory explores the meaning given by individuals to their surrounding by interpreting and organizing their impressions. The attribution theory in organizational behavior explains how individuals judge others based on their behaviors. The contemporary theory of decision-making describes the individual behavior to increase performance. Motivation is a concept discussed within organizational behavior, and it refers to the process of accounting for individuals efforts and intensity to achieve goals (Burke, 2017 pp.15). The goal-setting theory discusses how goals impact actions. Reinforcement theory indicates that behavior determines consequences. Finally, the contingency theory holds that there lacks an effective way of organizing, leading, and making a decision within an organization, hence the best action taken is contingent. There are different types of human behavior in the workplace as discussed. First, the task performers are viewed as people who are conversant with their roles and are goal-directed. The organizational citizenship refers to the behaviors where there are helpfulness and cooperation to support the institutions context (Luthans, Luthans and Luthans, 2015 pp.25). The counterproductive refers to the voluntary behaviors which are intended to harm the organization directly or indirectly. Joining and staying human behaviors implies employing and retaining the productive employees especially when there is heat up concerning the shortages of skills. Finally, maintaining the work attendance behaviors involves presenteeism where employees attend a scheduled work (Pinder, 2014 pp.21). The evidence-based approach is important to management since it helps managers to use evidence and logic in decision-making, leading and advising the employees. Also, evidence-based is important to the organizational behavior since it helps the individuals research the organizational problems, interpret and solve them effectively. The evidence-based approach can be applied to interpret the organizational and management behavior through various ways. To begin with, it determines the interventions applied in various practices and strategies within an organization. The evidence-based approach ranks the managers and guides them towards facing the challenging situations. The evidence-based approach also incorporates the organizational practices as well as the judgments which concern organizations. Through the approach, the organizational and management behavior is interpreted through the managers mindset since it teaches them how to manage the institutions (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014 pp.80). Finally, it is interpreted through the new insight and knowledge from within and out of the organization. Personal practice within the organizational context is viewed as a tool used for linking and understanding the organizational theories in application to the practical tasks. On the other hand, the interpersonal skills refer to the individual emotional intelligence, their capability to understand and know the attitudes within the organizational context. The knowledge to manage overall and others involve sharing, managing, creating, and using information within an organizational context. Teamwork involves the cooperation of individuals, employing their skills to provide a constructive response, regardless of the conflicts which prevails amongst them. Therefore, teamwork is important since it allows the employees to interact with others hence their relationships improve. In this manner, the cohesion among individuals is achieved (Katzenbach and Smith, 2015pp.8). Effective teams are developed through various ways. They are developed if the individuals within the organization focus on their roles. If they value their roles and communicate effectively to each other effective teams are developed. When goals are set, and there is the celebration of the failures and the successes. Finally, teams are developed when individuals interact to know each other. There are various organizational problems such as the loyalty within departments where competition exists, and each wants to outdo the other. New management is a significant problem since the organization is in a dilemma due to the changes which arise. Confusion is also an organizational problem which arises especially during the implementation of new strategies and ideas. Finally, the company goals are organizational problems since the organizations need to use them well to achieve positive outcomes. The theories of organizational behavior help in solving the problems through various ways. For instance, the personality-job fit theory helps the managers to understand the individuals hence the problem of new management is solved (Cheruvelil, Soranno, Weathers, Hanson, Goring, Filstrup and Read, 2014 pp.35). The personality theory guides individuals towards selecting the right working environment which complies with their personalities hence the problems involving loyalty in the depart ments and the new management is minimized. The attribution theories help individuals to scrutinize their judgments about others hence the conflicts reduce and teamwork is enhanced amongst the employees (Northouse, 2015 pp.13). The motivation theories keep the employees engaged, and they work towards the common organizational goals hence the problem concerning the implementation of new ideas and strategies are addressed. The theories in organizational behavior help in solving problems hence peace, teamwork, respect, and loyalty within the organization are achieved which are significant elements of a performing institution. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper analyzes the theories and the concepts of the organizational behavior, the human behaviors which prevail in the workplace and the application of the evidence-based approach to the organization and management. Teamwork, practice personal, interpersonal skills and knowledge to manage people are also significant factors in the organizational behavior. Finally, theories are applied to solve the problems outlined. Bibliography Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Burke, W.W., 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cheruvelil, K.S., Soranno, P.A., Weathers, K.C., Hanson, P.C., Goring, S.J., Filstrup, C.T. and Read, E.K., 2014. Creating and maintaining high?performing collaborative research teams: the importance of diversity and interpersonal skills.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,12(1), pp.31-38. Katzenbach, J.R. and Smith, D.K., 2015.The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Harvard Business Review Press. Luthans, F., Luthans, B.C. and Luthans, K.W., 2015.Organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. IAP. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.

Turning Points in the History of the Middle East

Introduction The major turning points in the history of the Middle East can be divided into three main time periods. During the 1980s and 1990s, the history of the Middle East was shaped by three main events namely the Gulf War, the Palestinian rebellion, and the meltdown of the U.S.S R (Turning Points 114).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Turning Points in the History of the Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second time period occurred during the first half of the new millennium. The events that had great significance on the history of Middle East included the September 11 attack, a second Gulf War, and a Palestinian rebellion (Turning Points 114). The third time period covers the years that followed the second half of the new millennium. Events that occurred during that period include America’s plan to depart from Iraq, the Arab spring, and squabbles between Israel and terror groups in the region. These events had significant implications on the economic, social, and political stability of the Middle East. Their effects market critical turning points in the modern history of Middle East. 1980s and 1990s The collapse of the U.S.S.R was a critical turning point in the history of the Middle East because it heralded a new system of political and economic ideology, alignment, and population. The position of the Soviet Union as a superpower was beneficial to countries such as Iraq, Syria, and South Yemen because of the military and financial assistance the received (Turning Points 115). However, its collapse meant that the support was withdrawn and the beneficiaries had to find other benefactors. The event would instigate the emigration of Jews from the region into Israel and a subsequent increase in its population that presented numerous social, economic, and financial challenges. Muslim countries were compelled to create new alliances with Western nations. The invasion o f Kuwait by Iraq in 1990 initiated the involvement of the United States in the Gulf War. The U.S. joined forces with other nations to help liberate Kuwait from the tight grip of Iraq (Turning Points 115). As a result, the military and economic infrastructure of Iraqi were adversely affected. Jordan struggled with helping Palestinian refugees who had been expelled from Kuwait for siding with Saddam Hussein. The financial aid that was coming from Western and Gulf countries was lost and Jordan had to forge new alliances. Egyptians were expelled from Iraq, Yemeni workers were expelled from Saudi Arabia, and Syria gained more control over Lebanon (Turning Points 114).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These events created enemies and allies depending on the side that each country was supporting between warring nations. For instance, enmity between the United States and Iraq dates back to this period after the U.S. helped Kuwait defeat Iraq in the war. The Iraq-Kuwait war introduced enmity in the Arab world because it was the first time two Arab nations turned against each other. The war also led to creation of alliances between Arab and Western countries. For instance, the United States, United Kingdom, and France joined the war and since then, they have been involved in the politics of the Middle East. They use their economic superiority to push their agenda and influence economic policies. The collapse of the U.S.S.R. created a power vacuum in the Middle East that heralded the geopolitical and ideological contentions that took place in the 1990s. The rivalries aimed to fill the power vacuum and create a new model that would regulate the political and economic endeavors of the region. They set a stage for the involvement of regional and international players such as the United States, France, Russia, and Britain. Early 2000s The September 11, 2001 attack is one of the e vents that defined the modern history of the Middle East. 19 militants allied to the terrorist group Al-Qaeda hijacked four airplanes and launched attack against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon (Turning Points 116). The attacks caused massive destruction and demise of more than 3,000 people. The attacks prompted the U.S. to develop stringent initiatives against terrorism. Reasons for the attack included America’s participation in the Persian Gulf War, presence of its military personnel in the Middle East, and its support of certain regimes (Turning Points 116). As a result of the attack, the U.S. waged war on Iraq as a way of crippling Al-Qaeda and as a result the regime of Saddam Hussein was brought down. During the same period, another war broke in the region after Palestinian militants attacked Israeli citizens. In retaliation, Israeli military fought back and occupied all regions that were under the control of Palestine in the West Bank. The economic infrastructur e of Palestine was destroyed and many civilians were killed. Continued attacks from Palestine compelled Israel to fight back. The political calamities that ensued form the war led to political dispensations in both countries in 2003 (Turning Points 116)This war was a turning point because the peace that both countries had enjoyed for many years was gone and they went back to attacking each other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Turning Points in the History of the Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Iraqis noncompliance with United Nations’ resolutions led to an attack by the United States, Britain, and other nations. On the other hand, Iran was slapped with economic sanctions for failing to cooperate with international inspectors of nuclear weapons (Turning Points 117). The September 11 attacks, war against Iraq, and political crises in Afghanistan caused enmity between the United States and Gul f states because of the need to fill the power vacuum and address the United States’ initiative to fight radical Islam and terrorist groups in the region. Many states were angered by the continued presence of U.S. military personnel in the Middle East. The Arab spring heralded a new era of ideological and political dispensation in the Middle East. It brought about geopolitical changes that showed that the ideologies of Arab countries as well as political balance are directly related to the power wielded by individual states. Globalization, terrorism, nationalism, Arab spring, Kuwait crisis, and the peace process Globalization is also another factor that has had great influence in the history of the Middle East. This phenomenon originated from the western countries and most people in this region consider it more of a threat to their culture and value system than an opportunity to broaden their customs and attitudes towards various aspects in life (Turning Points 117). The Midd le East constitutes a lot of conservative cultures that have over the years struggled to deal with the impact of globalization. At the time when the western ideologies were being introduced in the Middle East, the region was very unstable. This led to the region losing its control over various things, thus resulting in an intense struggle to fight globalization. Research has established that the effect of globalization in the Middle East is responsible for poor democratization of various societies, as well as the growth of the ideologies behind Islamic fundamentalism and extremist groups (Turning Points 115). For example, the continued pressure from the U.S. in their bid to fight terrorism, as well as promote democracy and economic liberalization has created a lot of unrest across the Middle East.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is the kind of pressure that led to the emergence of the Arab spring in 2011, a phenomenon that sought to stimulate changes in the style of governance used across various Arabic countries. This is one of the recent developments that have left a huge mark on the history of the region because the protests resulted in change of a number of regimes that had blocked numerous efforts to embrace democracy. Currently, the Middle East is experiencing steady growth towards full democracy characterized by free and fair electoral processes, as well as promotion of human rights (Turning Points 117). One of the notable developments following the Arab spring is an initiative called rethinking political Islam that focuses on changing the global perception about Islamist movements through public debates. Reports indicate that the Kuwait crisis is also a prominent phenomenon that has shaped the history of the Middle East. The crisis also involved Iraq and the United Arab Emirates who were tangle d in a debt cancellation battle over oil exports. This crisis played a major role in the destabilization of the Middle East because countries involved started losing trust in each other. Over the period of seven months in which the crisis lasted, a lot of economic and political ties were destroyed, thus resulting in numerous challenges that altered the development efforts that were already in place across the region. Analysts argue that the greatest impacts of the crisis were felt with regard to the slow development of nationalism, as well as disregard for the peace process and the possible effects that the people would suffer due to the looming threat of terrorism (Turning Points 117). Most people in the Middle East have a strong love for their countries and have the willingness to sacrifice for it. However, this doctrine that one’s national culture and interests are superior to any other has contributed to the prolonged conflicts that have been a characteristic feature in t he history of the Middle East. Over the years, the Middle East has been dogged by great rivalries between its members due to accusations and counteraccusation with regard to the establishment of a reliable peace process. This challenge has been necessitated by the global challenge of terrorism, which has seen countries such as the U.S. targeting countries in the Middle East because they believe they harbor the most dangerous terror groups (Turning Points 114). Obama’s election The election of Obama was a defining moment because he promised to remove his military personnel from Iraq (Turning Points 117). The process began with military withdrawal from urban areas with promises of complete departure thereafter. In addition, Obama’s administration promised to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine. Obama’s promises meant that Iraqi authorities had to resolve certain economic and political issues that had existed for a long time. An election was conducted in 2010 and led to the creation of a coalition government (Turning Points 117). A new U.S. military policy also initiated elections in Iran in 2009. The elections were characterized by massive protests and clashes because of fraud claims. The situation was worsened by international pressure and criticisms against their nuclear weapons program. Iran’s failure to collaborate with inspectors led to U.N. sanctions that had severe economic and social implications. At the same time, clashes between Israel and Palestine were ongoing. Israel attacked Gaza and destroyed much of its infrastructure and blocked the transport of goods into the country (Turning Points 117). These events caused a humanitarian crisis that led to international criticisms against Israel. Israel loosened its stand after several instances of international protests from various countries. However, they carried on the blockade of construction materials because they did not want the reconstruction of destroyed inf rastructure (Turning Points 117). Currently, there is great rivalry between regional actors and international acts. There is Iran, Turkey, Israel, and Audi Arabia on one side and the U.S., China, Russia, and the U.K. on the other. These rivalries are aimed at defining the geopolitical and ideological systems of the Middle East. A good example of the effect of these rivalries is the severity of the Syrian crisis and the involvement of both regional and international actors. Conclusion The modern history of the Middle East has been shaped by several events that have taken place over the years. The Gulf War, the Palestinian rebellion, the collapse of the U.S.S.R, the Iraq invasion of Kuwait, the September 11 attacks, the Arab spring, and the Israeli attack on Palestine. These events are turning points that are responsible for the geopolitical and ideological state of the Middle East. Formation of alliances between countries, shifts in power balance, political transitions, and regional rivalries are examples of the aftermath effects of the aforementioned events. These events have shaped the political and ideological systems of the Middle East in a significant way. For instance, the current Syrian crisis is an example of the effects of rivalry between international and regional actors. This essay on Turning Points in the History of the Middle East was written and submitted by user Anderson Everett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.